What is software?#
Software is a general term for programs and data in a computer system. It is a collection of instructions composed of computer programs and related data that can achieve specific functions. Software can be divided into two types: system software and application software. System software is the most basic software in a computer system, including operating systems, drivers, language processors, compilers, etc. Application software is software designed for specific needs, such as office software, game software, multimedia software, etc.
Ubuntu software installation methods#
There are several methods to install software in the Ubuntu operating system. Below are a few commonly used methods.
1. Installation through the APP Store#
The APP Store provided by Ubuntu system offers a large number of software for us to download and install, which is one of the simplest installation methods. We only need to search for the desired software in the APP Store and click install. During the installation process, the system will automatically download, configure, and install the software without the need for manual operation by the user. However, some software may not be available in the APP Store, in which case other installation methods need to be used. At the same time, the network environment in some countries may cause installation failures.
2. Installation using APT tool#
APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) is a commonly used software package management tool in the Ubuntu system, which can automatically download, configure, and install software. Root permission is required to install software using APT, which can be obtained through the sudo command. The basic usage of APT is as follows:
- Update software sources
sudo apt update
- Install software
sudo apt install software_name
- Uninstall software
sudo apt remove software_name
- Upgrade installed software
sudo apt upgrade
3. Installation of deb packages#
Deb is a commonly used software package format in the Ubuntu system, similar to the .exe files in the Windows system. Users can install software by downloading .deb packages. The installation method of deb packages is as follows:
- Install .deb package
sudo dpkg -i software_name.deb
- Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -f
- Install .deb package again
sudo dpkg -i software_name.deb
For example, the command to install the software package named "netease-cloud-music.deb" for Netease Cloud Music is as follows:
1.
sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music.deb
4. Compiling and installing source code#
Some software may not provide .deb packages. In this case, users can download the source code of the software and then compile and install it. The steps for compiling and installing usually include the following:
- Download the source code
- Extract the source code
- Enter the source code directory
- Execute the configure command to generate the Makefile file
- Execute the make command to compile the source code
- Execute the make install command to install the software
For example, the commands for compiling and installing software are as follows:
- Extract the source code
tar -zxvf software_name.tar.gz
- Enter the source code directory
cd software_name
- Generate the Makefile file
./configure
- Compile the source code
make
- Install the software
sudo make install
5. Other installation methods#
Some software may be executable files with .run or .bin extensions. Users can install them using the following commands:
- Grant executable permission
sudo chmod +x software_name.run
- Execute the installation program
sudo ./software_name.run
For example, the commands to install a .run file for QT are as follows:
1.
sudo chmod +x qt.run
sudo ./qt.run
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