Introduction to Ubuntu File System Structure

Ubuntu File System Structure#

In Linux, "/" is the root directory from which all other directories are derived.

/bin: Stores binary executable files that can be used even in single-user mode. Can be accessed by both root and regular user accounts.
/boot: Contains Ubuntu kernel and boot files, such as vmlinuz-xxx and the grub bootloader.
/dev: Stores device driver files.
/etc: Stores system configuration files, such as user account and password files, and various service startup addresses.
/home: Default user home folder, where the user's main folder is created when creating a user account.
/lib: Stores library files.
/media: Directory for removable devices, such as SD cards or USB drives, which are mounted in this directory.
/mnt: User-accessible mount points for additional devices.
/opt: Optional directory for storing files and programs, typically used for third-party software.
/root: Root user directory, i.e., the system administrator's directory.
/sbin: Similar to /bin, stores binary executable files. Typically contains commands needed during the system boot process.
/srv: Directory for service-related files, such as network services.
/sys: Records kernel information, virtual file system.
/tmp: Temporary directory.
/var: Stores files that change frequently, such as log files.
/usr: "usr" is not an abbreviation for "user," but for "UNIX Software Resource." Stores files related to system users and can occupy a significant amount of storage space.
/proc: Virtual file system that stores system runtime information.

Absolute path: Path starting from the root directory "/", for example, "/home/user/test/".
Relative path: File name written relative to the current path, for example, "./test/", where "." represents the current path and ".." represents the parent directory.

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